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The discovery of drug targets plays a crucial role in drug research. Accurate information of small molecule drug-protein interaction can be provided by label-free target discovery technology without any structural modification at the small molecule. So, the label-free drug target discovery technology had become the powerful tool to discover the targets of drugs. Due to the “multi-component and multi-target” characteristics of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), the research on its targets and mechanism had been restricted. Based on potential of the label-free target discovery technology in the research of TCMs, this paper summarized the label-free target discovery technology and its application in TCMs research. It will provide a reference for the discovery of targets of TCMs and a new view for promoting the modernization of TCMs.
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Pilot trials have suggested that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may reduce limb spasticity in multiple sclerosis (MS). We carried out the current meta-analysis to synthesize currently available evidence regarding such correlation. Up to November 2022, five international electronic databases (Cochrane CENTRAL, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL) and four Chinese electronic databases (CBM, CNKI, WanFang Data, and VIP) were systematically searched to identify randomized trials comparing active rTMS and sham stimulation in patients with MS-related spasticity. Two reviewers independently selected studies and extracted data on study design, quality, clinical outcomes, and time points measured. The primary outcome was clinical spasticity relief after intervention. Secondary outcomes included spasticity at the follow-up visit 2 weeks later and post-treatment fatigue. Of 831 titles found, we included 8 studies (181 participants) in the quantitative analysis. Pooled analyses showed that rTMS therapy was associated with significant spasticity relief in the early post-intervention period [standardized mean differences (SMD): -0.67; 95%CI: -1.12 to -0.21], but there was insufficient evidence for rTMS in reducing spasticity at the follow-up visit 2 weeks later (SMD: -0.17; 95%CI: -0.52 to 0.17) and fatigue (SMD: -0.26; 95%CI: -0.84 to 0.31). This evidence supports the recommendations to treat MS-related spasticity with rTMS, but underlines the need for further large randomized trials.
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Piroxicam has polymorphism. Different crystalline forms can exhibit different physicochemical properties and biological activities. Analysis of the intermolecular interactions is essential to reveal the formation mechanism and differences of polymorphs. In this paper, Hirshfeld surface analysis and semi-empirical methods were used to calculate and analyze the intermolecular interactions in seven polymorphic forms of piroxicam. The results show that the Hirshfeld surface analysis method can clearly and intuitively reveal the intermolecular interactions, among which H…H, O…H/H…O and N…H/H…N interactions account for 95% of the total energy. There are differences in the proportion and distribution of the forces of different crystal forms. The energy calculation shows that the lattice energy of the hydrate is significantly lower than that of the anhydrous forms, and in the specific energy distribution, the contribution of the dispersion force is the most prominent. Further interaction energy analysis was found that within the distance of 3.8 Å from the center of the piroxicam molecule, different crystalline forms of piroxicam molecule have different interaction energies with surrounding molecules.
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Four salts of ticagrelor, ticagrelor-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid, ticagrelor-pyrazinamide, ticagrelor-D-proline and ticagrelor-L-proline were prepared by solvent suspension and liquid-assisted grinding to improve the solubility of ticagrelor. The compounds were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and the intermolecular salt-bonding forces were analyzed. The equilibrium solubility of salts and pure drug in hydrochloride buffer pH 1.2 and phosphate buffer pH 6.8 were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Ticagrelor was salted with 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid, pyrazinamide, D-proline, L-proline all in a stoichiometric ratio of 1∶1; with the exception of ticagrelor-D-proline, the solubility of the other three salts provided significantly improved solubility in hydrochloride buffer pH 1.2, and the equilibrium solubility of ticagrelor-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid was increased by approximately 1.7 folds as compared to pure drug. Salt-forming technology is convenient and can improve the solubility of ticagrelor.
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Objective: To explore the effect of perioperative airway management based on the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) on the improvement of preoperative pulmonary function in patients with aspirin intolerance triad (AIT). Methods: Thirty patients with AIT (including 13 males and 17 females, aged from 29 to 75 years old) for sinus surgery from January 2018 to December 2019 were selected, 172 patients (including 105 males and 67 females, aged from 17 to 83 years old) with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) without lower airway disease were selected by random number table at the same period, and their clinical data and preoperative pulmonary function were analyzed and compared retrospectively. FEV1%pred<80% after bronchodilation test was considered as high risk for surgery. Preoperative evaluation and standardized drug intervention were applied in patients with pulmonary function abnormalities at risk for surgery, and improvement of preoperative pulmonary function and tolerability to general anesthesia surgery in the two groups were evaluated. All the statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 22.0. Results: The main pulmonary function indexes (FEV1%pred, FEV1/FVC%pred, FEF50%pred, FEF75%pred, MMEF%pred) in AIT group decreased significantly than those in CRSwNP group (t values were 10.882, 10.506, 9.141, 10.182, 9.099, respectively, all P<0.001). At admission 86.7% (26/30) patients in the AIT group and 11.6% (20/172) patients in CRSwNP group had high surgical risk for lung function, with significantly difference (χ2 = 81.788, P<0.05); after 3 days with individualized drug intervention, 57.7% (15/26) patients in AIT group reached the standard for surgery, which was significantly less than 90.0% (18/20) patients in CRSwNP group (χ²=4.335,P<0.05); and after 6 days with drug intervention, the patients who reached the standard for surgery in pulmonary function accounted for 92.3% (24/26) in the AIT group and 100% (20/20) in the CRSwNP group. FEV1%pred in the two groups before surgery were significantly improved compared with those at admission respectively ((90.00±6.32)% vs. (64.79±13.60)%,t value was 10.110 in AIT group; (91.65±11.86)% vs. (76.40±9.35)%, t value was 9.346 in CRSwNP group; all P<0.05), and also FEV1/FVC%pred, FEF50%pred, FEF75%pred and MMEF%pred were all significantly improved (all P<0.05). Surgery was completed successfully in the two groups of patients with lung function meeting the surgical standard, and no intraoperative or postoperative airway adverse events occurred. Conclusion: AIT patients have high airway risk for sinus surgery due to poor pulmonary function. Standardized airway management based on the concept of ERAS can improve the pulmonary function of patients, and decrease the incidence of perioperative airway adverse events.
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Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Airway Management , Aspirin , Enhanced Recovery After Surgery , Lung/surgery , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
@#[Abstract] Objective: To study the effect of microRNA-141(miR-141) expression regulation on cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, invasion and migration of human prostate cancer cell line DU145 and its mechanism. Methods: MiR-141 mimics (miR-141 up group) and miR-141 inhibitors (miR-141 down group) were transfected into human prostate cancer DU145 cells by using liposome lipofectamine 2000, and the un-transfection group (Control group) and non-sense miRNA sequence transfection group (NC group) were set. The expression of miRNA-141 in DU145 cells in each group before and after transfection was detected by qPCR. MTT assay was used to detect the proliferation viability and sensitivity to cisplatin (DDP) in DU145 cells of each group. Cell cycle and apoptosis rate of DU145 cells under DDP treatment were detected by Flow cytometry; the changes in cell invasion and migration ability were detected by Transwell method. The protein expressions of VEGF and EGFR in DU145 cells of each group were detected by Western blotting. Results: Compared with the Control and NC group, the level of miRNA-141 expression in the miR-141-down group decreased to (0.18±0.08), the cell proliferation viability decreased significantly while its sensitivity to DDP increased significantly, the cell cycle was blocked in the G0+G1 phase, and the apoptosis rate significantly increased to (46.67±5.86)% while cell invasion rate and migration rate significantly decreased to (44.34±8.32)%, (57.73±6.19)%, and the relative expression levels of VEGF and EGFR decreased to (0.47±0.06), (0.36±0.06), (P<0.05 or P<0.01). But in the miR-141-up group, the level of miRNA-141 expression increased to (4.23±0.53), the cell proliferation viability significantly increased while its sensitivity to DDP decreased significantly, and the cell cycle was promoted into S and G2 phase, the apoptosis rate significantly decreased to (18.77±4.24)% while cell invasion and migration rate significantly increased to (89.94±6.34)%, (94.44±5.84)%, and the relative expression levels of VEGF and EGFR were up to (0.89±0.07), (0.73±0.06),(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion: miR-141 can act as a growth promoting factor in prostate cancer DU145 cells. miR-141 down-regula‐tion can significantly inhibit the proliferation viability, cell cycle, migration and invasion of DU145 cells, and promote cell apoptosis and DDP-sensitivity, and the mechanism of which may be related with inhibition of VEGF and EGFR protein expressions.
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Objective@#To investigate university graduated students’ state and trait anxiety and attitude towards seeking psychological help, and to explore their relationships with sleep quality.@*Methods@#Totally 800 university graduated students were selected, and their state anxiety, trait anxiety, attitude towards seeking psychological help and sleep quality were investigated. The relationships between their state anxiety, trait anxiety, attitude towards seeking psychological help and sleep quality were analyzed by two classification Logistic regression analysis method in the subjects, respectively. Analysis Their state anxiety, trait anxiety, attitude towards seeking psychological help and sleep quality with two classification Logistic regression analysis method.@*Results@#The detection rates of state and trait anxiety were 48.63% and 49.50% respectively. There were no significant differences in the detection rates of state and trait anxiety between different genders and different majors anxiety and characteristic anxiety among different gender, different professional status(P>0.05). The detection rates of state and trait anxiety of subjects from town were 56.90% and 56.18% respectively, which were higher than 36.78% and 39.51% in city respectively, with statistical significant differences(χ2=31.39, 22.29, P<0.01). The results of each dimension of attitude towards seeking psychological help and total score were negatively related to state and trait anxiety (OR=0.66-0.90, P<0.05), which were positively related to each dimension of sleep quality and total score (OR=1.71-3.67, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#College graduates have state and trait anxiety, and the detection rates of state and trait anxiety of subjects from town, and they are related to attitude towards seeking psychological help and sleep quality.
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Objective To investigate the survival period of Yunnan Province-derived smooth-shelled Oncomelania snails bred in laboratory. Methods Oncomelania snails were sampled from Heqing and Yongsheng counties where schistosomiasis is endemic, and uninfected adult snails were collected and bred in laboratory. The survival period of snails sampled from these two counties was compared. Results The 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-year survival rates of laboratory-bred smooth-shelled snails sampled from Yunnan Province were 72.36%, 29.11%, 13.08% and 0.21%, respectively, and were 74.66%, 38.91%, 19.46% and 0.45% for snails derived from Heqing County, and 70.36%, 20.55%, 7.51% and 0 for snails sampled from Yongsheng County, respectively. The mean and median survival period of Yunnan Province-derived adult snails was 20.90 and 20.67 months, and there were significant differences between the snails sampled from Heqing and Yongsheng counties in terms of the mean (22.94 vs. 19.13 months, P < 0.05) and median survival period (21.63 vs. 19.81 months, P < 0.05). Conclusion The mean survival period of Yunnan Province-derived smooth-shelled adult snails is approximately 20 months in laboratory, and the survival varies in geographical areas.
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Objective To analyze the effects of nabuprofen combined with sufentanil on Ramsay sedation score,visual analogue scale (VAS) and analgesic effect in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA).Methods From January 2017 to December 2017,72 patients with THA in the Department of Orthopedics from the People's Hospital of Linfen were divided into three groups:A group was given nabuprofen,B group was given sufentanil,C group was given nabuprofen + sufentanil,with 24 cases in each group.Ramsay sedation score,VAS score and analgesic effect were compared among the three groups before and after operation.Results The Ramsay sedation scores of A group at 3,12 and 24 hours after operation were (2.78 ±0.32) points,(2.59 ± 0.40) points and (2.4 ± 0.26) points,respectively,and the Ramsay sedation scores of C group at 3,12 and 24 hours after operation were (2.37 ± 0.24) points,(2.0 ± 0.15) points,(1.89 ± 0.22) points,respectively,which were decreased significantly compared with those of B group at the same time point [(3.07 ± 0.58) points,(3.01 ±0.62)points and (2.73 ±0.47)points] (Fbetween group =6.83,Pbetween group =0.01;Ftime point =7.24,Ptime point ＜0.01;Fbeyween group· time point =0.69,Pbetween group.timepoint =0.40).The VAS scores of group B at 3,12 and 24 hours after operation were (2.40 ± 0.72) points,(1.98 ± 0.57) points and (1.24 ± 0.38) points,respectively,and the VAS scores of C group at 3,12 and 24 hours after operation were (2.35 ± 0.75) points,(1.74 ± 0.46) points and (1.18 ±0.26) points,respectively,which were decreased significantly compared with those of A group at the same time point [(3.35 ± 0.59) points,(3.18 ± 0.46) points and (3.01 ± 0.33) points] (Fbetween group =7.02,Pbetween group ＜ 0.01;Ftime point =5.42,Ptime point =0.02;Fbetween group· time point =0.39,Pbetween gronp· time point =0.68).There was statistically significant difference among the three groups (x2 =7.66,P ＜0.05).The analgesic satisfaction of C group (91.67％) was significantly higher than that of A group (58.33％) and B group (62.50％) (x2 =5.44,4.25,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The sedative and analgesic effects of PCIA nabuprofen combined with sufentanil for patients with THA are definite and comfortable,which can effectively alleviate pain,so it has a definite clinical application value.
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BACKGROUND@#Ciprofloxacin is usually used in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). Recent studies abroad have shown ciprofloxacin is inadequately dosed and might lead to worse outcomes. The aim of this study was to perform pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses of ciprofloxacin in elderly Chinese patients with severe LRTIs caused by Gram-negative bacteria.@*METHODS@#From September 2012 to June 2014, as many as 33 patients were empirically administered beta-lactam and ciprofloxacin combination therapy. Patients were infused with 200 or 400 mg of ciprofloxacin every 12 h, which was determined empirically by the attending physician based on the severity of the LRTI and the patient's renal condition. Ciprofloxacin serum concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Bacterial culture was performed from sputum samples and/or endotracheal aspirates, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ciprofloxacin were determined. The ratios of the area under the serum concentration-time curve to the MIC (AUC/MIC) and of the maximum serum concentration of the drug to the MIC (Cmax/MIC) were calculated. The baseline data and pharmacokinetic parameters were compared between clinical success group and clinical failure group, bacteriologic success group and bacteriologic failure group.@*RESULTS@#Among the 33 patients enrolled in the study, 17 were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 14 were infected with Acinetobacter baumannii, and two were infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae. The mean age of the patients was 76.9 ± 6.7 years. Thirty-one patients (93.4%) did not reach the target AUC/MIC value of >125, and 29 patients (87.9%) did not reach the target Cmax/MIC value of >8. The AUC/MIC and Cmax/MIC ratios in the clinical success group were significantly higher than those in the clinical failure group (61.1 [31.7-214.9] vs. 10.4 [3.8-66.1], Z = -4.157; 9.6 [4.2-17.8] vs. 1.3 [0.4-4.7], Z = -4.018; both P 125 and Cmax/MIC > 8, cannot be reached.
Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Acinetobacter baumannii , Virulence , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Ciprofloxacin , Pharmacokinetics , Pharmacology , Gram-Negative Bacteria , Virulence , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Virulence , Respiratory Tract Infections , Drug Therapy , Metabolism , MicrobiologyABSTRACT
Objective@#To analyze the effects of nabuprofen combined with sufentanil on Ramsay sedation score, visual analogue scale (VAS) and analgesic effect in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA).@*Methods@#From January 2017 to December 2017, 72 patients with THA in the Department of Orthopedics from the People's Hospital of Linfen were divided into three groups: A group was given nabuprofen, B group was given sufentanil, C group was given nabuprofen + sufentanil, with 24 cases in each group.Ramsay sedation score, VAS score and analgesic effect were compared among the three groups before and after operation.@*Results@#The Ramsay sedation scores of A group at 3, 12 and 24 hours after operation were (2.78±0.32)points, (2.59±0.40)points and (2.4±0.26)points, respectively, and the Ramsay sedation scores of C group at 3, 12 and 24 hours after operation were (2.37±0.24)points, (2.0±0.15)points, (1.89±0.22)points, respectively, which were decreased significantly compared with those of B group at the same time point [(3.07±0.58)points, (3.01±0.62)points and (2.73±0.47)points] (Fbetween group=6.83, Pbetween group=0.01; Ftime point=7.24, Ptime point<0.01; Fbetween group·time point=0.69, Pbetween group·time point=0.40). The VAS scores of group B at 3, 12 and 24 hours after operation were (2.40±0.72)points, (1.98±0.57)points and (1.24±0.38)points, respectively, and the VAS scores of C group at 3, 12 and 24 hours after operation were (2.35±0.75)points, (1.74±0.46)points and (1.18±0.26)points, respectively, which were decreased significantly compared with those of A group at the same time point [(3.35±0.59)points, (3.18±0.46)points and (3.01±0.33)points] (Fbetween group=7.02, Pbetween group<0.01; Ftime point=5.42, Ptime point=0.02; Fbetween group·time point=0.39, Pbetween group·time point=0.68). There was statistically significant difference among the three groups (χ2=7.66, P<0.05). The analgesic satisfaction of C group (91.67%) was significantly higher than that of A group (58.33%) and B group (62.50%) (χ2=5.44, 4.25, all P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The sedative and analgesic effects of PCIA nabuprofen combined with sufentanil for patients with THA are definite and comfortable, which can effectively alleviate pain, so it has a definite clinical application value.
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A new compound(Z)-6-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5,7-dimethylaurone was isolated from Cleistocalyx operculatus flower buds. Its structure was identified by spectroscopic data including MS, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR HSQC and HMBC. A known compound, 2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3'5'-dimethylchalcone (DMC), was also isolated and identified,and used as material to synthesize (Z)-6-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5,7-dimethylaurone.Anti-inflammatory activities of the two compounds were tested . The results showed that (Z)-6-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5,7-dimethylaurone possesses much stronger PGE₂ inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ 6.12 nmol·L⁻¹) than the positive control ibuprofen （68.66 nmol·L⁻¹）.
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Objective To find out the problems in quality control of the hemodialysis machine to ensure its safety.Methods MESA 90XL meter and Austrian RIGFL 288 electrical safety tester were used to detect the hemodialysis machines according to military and national standards on dialysate temperature,dialysate conductivity,venous pressure,arterial pressure,dialysate flow,dialysate pH value,heparin pump flow,blood pump flow,dehydration flow,electrical safety and etc.Results Most of the hemodialysis met the clinical requirements while unqualified machines underwent maintenance,and some measures were proposed to solve the problems during the detection.Conclusion Periodical detection and quality control are of greát significance for the hemodialysis machine.
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BACKGROUND:Under ischemia/hypoxia microenvironment,very low survival rate of transplanted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in the host limits its efficacy in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction.OBJECTIVE:To explore the tolerance of human heme oxygenase 1 (hHO-1) gene modified rat BMSCs to ischemia/hypoxia injury.METHODS:The rat BMSCs were transfected with hHO-1 recombinant adenovirus.Western blot assay was used to determinate the optimal time of hHO-1 protein expression.hHO-1 modified rat BMSCs were cultured in hypoxia and serum-free conditions that simulated ischemia/hypoxia microenvironment in vivo.Cell counting kit-8 and trypan blue staining were performed to detect the survival rate of BMSCs at 12,24,48,72 hours after culture under the ischemia/hypoxia microenvironment.Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis in BMSCs at 24 hours after culture under the ischemia/hypoxia microenvironment.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The expression of hHO-1 protein was highest at 4 days after transfection.Under the ischemia/hypoxia microenvironment for 12,24,48,72 hours,the survival rates of transfected BMSCs were significantly higher as compared with the untransfected cells (P ＜ 0.05),shown by the cell counting kit-8 and trypan blue staining.In addition,the results from flow cytometry showed that there was a higher survival rate of transfected BMSCs than untransfected cells at 24 hours of culture under the ischemia/hypoxia microenvironment (P ＜ 0.05).To conclude,hHO-1 modified rat BMSCs have stronger tolerance to the ischemia/hvpoxia microenvironment.
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Autophagy is a self-renewing cellular process by which defective proteins and aged organs are eliminated. It is noteworthy that autophagy correlates with the initiation and progression of cancer. During epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cells with epithelial phenotype gain mesenchymal characteristics, thus facilitate invasion and metastasis. Autophagy may suppress EMT by the following mechanisms, such as decreasing hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) in hypoxia to downregulate transcription of EMT related genes, regulating TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway negatively, utilizing selective autophagy adaptor, p62, to modulate EMT transcription factors. Further studies of the association between autophagy and EMT may contribute to indentify new targets of cancer therapy.
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Autophagy is a self-renewing cellular process by which defective proteins and aged organs are eliminated. It is noteworthy that autophagy correlates with the initiation and progression of cancer. During epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cells with epithelial phenotype gain mesenchymal characteristics, thus facilitate invasion and metastasis. Autophagy may suppress EMT by the following mechanisms, such as decreasing hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) in hypoxia to downregulate transcription of EMT related genes, regulating TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway negatively, utilizing selective autophagy adaptor, p62, to modulate EMT transcription factors. Further studies of the association between autophagy and EMT may contribute to indentify new targets of cancer therapy.
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Plate assay and spore germination method were used to study the chemotaxis response of Alternaria panax to arginine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid and threonine. The result showed that the optimum temperature of A. panax chemotaxis response to four amino acids were all 25 ℃. And chemotaxis responses of A. panax were different under conditions of different concentration and pH value. The chemotaxin reached to the highest under the condition of 2 mg•L⁻¹ and pH value was 7 for arginine, glutamic acid and threonine while 20 mg•L⁻¹ and pH value was 6 for aspartic acid . The data of chemotactic migration index (CMI) were 1.24, 1.38, 1.27, 1.31 and chemotactic growth rates(CGR) were 0.451 0, 0.353 0, 0.381 3, 0.228 8 and spores germination rates(SGR) were 57.33%，63%，56.67%，58% and the dry weight of mycelial (DWM) were 372.9, 348.5, 314.4, 390.2 mg•L⁻¹ respectively. It indicated that the low and middle concentration of amino acid had significant promoting effect on chemotaxis response of A. panax. As important substances generated in ginseng root, amino acids exhibited an efficient chemotactic effect on A. panax, and some even show inhibition effect under high concentration.
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Objective To learn the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne disease outbreak in 2015,Zhejiang Province,and to provide evidences for the prevention and control of foodborne disease outbreak.Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis using ArcGIS 10.2 and SPSS 19.0 was conducted on geographical country data,information of permanent resident population and the incidence data of foodborne disease outbreak reported through foodborne disease outbreak reporting information system in 2015.Results There were 116 foodborne disease events reported in Zhejiang in 2015,resulting in 1 009 persons attacked,115 hospitalization and 10 deaths.The proportion of unknown pathogenic factor for events was 29.31%.The events appearance sporadic,there were some local hotspots in Jiaxing.The vibrio parahaemolyticus was the most common pathogen (32.76%),and poisonous mushrooms(8.62%)come the second.Most foodborne disease incidents occurred during June to November.Restaurants ,family and rural feasts were the major places where the foodborne disease occurred.The proportion of family foodborne disease events because of mistaken and misuse poisonous substances increased,and the hospitalization rate and mortality of events of which were the highest (33.9% and 7.63% respectively).Conclusion The food safety management and of restaurants and rural feasts should be strengthened in summer and autumn,as well as foodborne disease prediction and forewarning to reduce the foodborne disease incidents caused by microorganism contamination and poisonous muchnooms.It is necessary to conduct public risk cognition research for foodborne disease in Zhejiang,which could provide evidence for preventing and controlling family foodborne disease.
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The chemotaxis response of Erwinia carotovora to different sugars and amino acids in four kinds of chemotactic parameters (concentration, time, temperature and pH ) was determined by capillary method. The results showed that when pH was 8, concentration was 0.025 mg•L ⁻¹, culture temperature was 25 ℃ and the duration was 60 minutes, the optimal chemotaxis rate of lysine was 2.509,when pH was 6, concentration was 0.25 mg•L ⁻¹, culture temperature was 25 ℃ and the duration was 60 minutes, the optimal chemotaxis rate of arginine was 2.218 8,when pH was 7, concentration was 0.25 mg•L ⁻¹, culture temperature was 30 ℃ and the duration was 60 minutes, the optimal chemotaxis rate of L-rhamnose was 3.091 2, when pH was 6, concentration was 0.25 mg•L ⁻¹, culture temperature was 30 ℃ and the duration was 45 minutes, the optimal chemotaxis rate of D-arabinose was 3.026 3. Sugars and amino acids had obvious chemotaxis with E. carotovora,the high concentration of carbohydrate and amino acid exited an inhibitory effect on chemotaxis response of E. carotovora, and the chemotaxis response decreased with the increase of concentration of carbohydrates and amino acids.
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To discuss the synergistic mechanism of compatible use of two medicinal herbs,Panax notoginseng and Bletilla striata, an HPLC was established to determine two ginseng saponins (20S)-ginseng saponin Rg₃ and ginseng saponin Rh₄ contained in single decoction of Panax notoginseng as well as in compound decoction of Panax notoginseng and Bletillastriata in different compatibility ratio (1∶0.5, 1∶1, 1∶2), followed by analyzing the impact of amount of notoginsenosides after compatibility. As a result, compared with the single decoction of Panax notoginseng, the contents of ginseng saponin Rg₃ and ginseng saponin Rh₄ in the compound decoction of Panax notoginseng and Bletillastriata were on the rise as the increasement of the amount of Bletillastriata. The contents of the notoginsengsaponin R₁, ginseng saponin Rg₁ and ginseng saponin Rb₁ of Panax notoginseng single decoction were significantly decreased after compatibility. Therefore, after compatibility, it was more easy to produce (20S)-ginseng saponin Rg₃ and ginseng saponin Rh₄.This study can extend to a method of preparation of (20S)-ginseng saponin Rg₃ and ginseng saponin Rh₄. Furthermore, after compatibility, two ginseng saponins which had lipase inhibitory effect were both increased significantly, indicating that the compatibility of these two herb medicines may have effect on losing weight.